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Engineering Physics (1AS101BS)
**Aim:** To enable the students to correlate the theoretical principles of fundamentals of modern aspects in Physics with application-oriented studies of engineering.
Unit I: Solid State Physics (8 Hrs)
Classification of solids on the basis of energy band diagram, Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors. Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductor, semi-conductor conductivity with derivation, P-N junction diode, Zener diode, Light Emitting Diode, Hall effect.
Unit II: Modern Physics (7 Hrs)
Planck's hypothesis, properties of Photons, Compton effect, De-Broglie's concept of matter waves, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (statement and derivation), applications of uncertainty principle (electrons cannot exists in the nucleus), Time energy Relation.
Unit III: Electric and Magnetic Fields (7 Hrs)
Motion of electron in uniform transverse electric field and transverse magnetic fields, positive rays, Bainbridge mass spectrograph, Cathode ray oscilloscope: block diagram and working of each block.
Unit IV: Interference & Diffraction (8 Hrs)
Fundamental condition of interference, thin film interference due to reflected light, Newton's ring; equation for radius of bright and dark rings, determination of wavelength, R.I. of medium using Newton's ring. Fresnel and Fraunhofer class of diffraction, plane transmission grating; construction and determination of wavelength of light using grating.
Unit V: Fibre Optics and LASER (7 Hrs)
Principle and construction of optical fibre, acceptance angle and acceptance cone numerical aperture, types of optical fibres and refractive index profile, attenuation in optical fibres, different mechanisms of attenuation, application of optical fibres. LASER: spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, Characteristics and its applications of LASER, Ruby LASER (Construction and Working).
Unit VI: Fluid dynamics, ultrasonic and Acoustics (8 Hrs)
Continuity equation, Bernoulli's theorem (derivation). Viscosity, liquid flow (streamline and turbulent), Stoke's law, Sabine's formula for reverberation of time, Factors affecting architectural acoustics and its remedies. Ultrasonic waves, Production of Ultrasonic waves (piezo-electric and magnetostriction methods), applications of ultrasonic waves.
Solids are classified into conductors, semiconductors, and insulators based on energy bands. Intrinsic Semiconductors are pure forms (e.g., Si, Ge), while Extrinsic are doped. The Fermi Level indicates the probability of electron occupancy.
De-Broglie Hypothesis: Matter has a dual nature (wave and particle). Wavelength Ī» = h/mv. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle: It is impossible to determine both the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously with infinite precision.
Charged particles moving in magnetic fields experience the Lorentz Force. CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope): Uses an electron gun to produce a beam, deflecting plates to control position, and a fluorescent screen to visualize signals.
Interference: Superposition of waves causing intensity redistribution. Newton's Rings: Formed by a plano-convex lens on a glass plate. Radius of nth dark ring: r_n = √(nĪ»R).
Optical Fibers: Work on Total Internal Reflection (TIR). Key parameters: Numerical Aperture (NA) and Acceptance Angle. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Properties: Monochromatic, Coherent, and Directional.
Bernoulli's Theorem: Conservation of energy in fluid flow (Pressure + K.E. + P.E. = Constant). Ultrasonics: Sound waves > 20kHz. Produced by Piezo-electric or Magnetostriction methods.