Basic Electrical Engineering

Basic Electrical Engineering

First Year • Semester 2 • NEP Syllabus

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📘 Syllabus
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Basic Electrical Engineering (2116ES)

**Course Aim:** To apply basic electrical laws, magnetic circuit principles, and understand AC/DC circuits and transformer operations.

Unit I: DC Circuits
Basic concepts of voltage, current, power, energy. Resistance, resistivity, conductivity, temperature effect. Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, Superposition theorem, Star-Delta transformation.
Unit II: Magnetic Circuits
Magnetic flux, Flux density, MMF, reluctance, magnetic field intensity. Fleming's left and right-hand rules, hysteresis loop, series/parallel magnetic circuits. Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.
Unit III: A.C. Fundamentals
Generation of alternating voltages, RMS/Average values, Form/Peak factors. Phasor representation. Pure resistance, inductance, capacitance circuits.
Unit IV: AC Single Phase Circuit
Series and parallel R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits. Impedance, admittance, phasor diagrams. Active, reactive, apparent power and power factor.
Unit V: Three Phase Circuits
Generation of three phase voltages, Star/Delta connections. Relationship of Phase/Line values. Balanced load calculations.
Unit VI: Single Phase Transformer
Construction and working, transformation ratio, EMF equation, losses, efficiency and voltage regulation.
Text Books
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, V. N. Mittle (TMH).
2. Basic Electrical Engineering, Kulshreshtha D.C. (TMH).
3. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. P. Kothari & I. J. Nagrath.
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📝 Unit-wise Notes
Unit 1: DC Circuits

DC Circuits

Ohm's Law: V = IR. It is the fundamental law of electrical circuits.
Kirchhoff's Laws: KCL (current entering node = leaving) and KVL (sum of voltages in loop = 0).
Superposition Theorem: Used in linear circuits with multiple sources.

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Unit 2: Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic Circuits

Flux (ÎĶ): Total number of magnetic lines of force. Unit: Weber (Wb).
MMF: Magnetomotive Force = N x I. Analogous to EMF in electric circuits.
Reluctance (S): Opposition to flux. S = l / (ΞA). Analogous to Resistance.

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Unit 3: A.C. Fundamentals

A.C. Fundamentals

RMS Value: The equivalent DC value that produces the same heat. For sine wave, Vrms = Vm / √2.
Phasors: Vectors used to represent sinusoidal quantities (Voltage/Current) considering both magnitude and phase.

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Unit 4: AC Single Phase Circuit

AC Single Phase Circuit

Impedance (Z): Total opposition to AC current. Z = √(R² + X²).
Power Factor: Ratio of True Power (kW) to Apparent Power (kVA). PF = cos(φ).
Resonance: Condition in RLC circuit where XL = XC, making Z minimum (series).

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Unit 5: Three Phase Circuits

Three Phase Circuits

Star Connection: Line Voltage = √3 x Phase Voltage. Line Current = Phase Current.
Delta Connection: Line Voltage = Phase Voltage. Line Current = √3 x Phase Current.

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Unit 6: Single Phase Transformer

Single Phase Transformer

Principle: Works on Mutual Induction.
EMF Equation: E = 4.44 f ÎĶm N.
Efficiency: Ratio of Output Power to Input Power. Maximum efficiency occurs when Copper Loss = Iron Loss.

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